Persian Grammar : For Reference and Revision.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Writing -- 1 General -- 2-24 Alphabet and non-alphabetical signs -- 25 نستعليق nasta' liq script -- 26 Standard handwritten forms -- 27 شکسته šekaste handwriting -- 28 Persian transcription -- 2 Pronunciation -- 1 Transcription -- 2 Long and short vowels -- diphthongs -- 3 Consonants -- 4 Doubled letters -- 5 Stress -- 6 Colloquial pronunciation -- 7 Arabic forms -- 3 Nouns and adjectives -- 1 Nouns - general -- 2 Definite and indefinite nouns -- 3 Definite direct-object suffix را rā -- 4 Plural of nouns -- 5 اضافه ezāfe with nouns -- 6 Adjectives - general -- 7 Adjective used as complement -- 8 Attributive adjectives -- 9 Comparative adjectives -- 10 Superlative adjectives -- 11 Possessive adjectives -- 12 Demonstrative adjectives -- 13 Interrogative adjectives -- 14 Distributive adjectives -- 4 Pronouns -- 1 General -- 2 Subject pronouns -- 3 Direct-object pronouns -- 4 Prepositions with pronouns -- 5 Possessive pronouns -- 6 Demonstrative pronouns -- 7 Interrogative pronouns -- 8 خود xod -- 9 Reciprocal pronouns -- 10 Distributive pronouns -- 5 Verbs -- 1 General -- 2 Infinitive -- 3 Position of the verb -- 4 Agreement -- 5 Simple and compound verbs -- 6 Government: subject, complement and object -- 7 Tenses -- 8 Forming the past tense -- 9 Using the past tense -- 10 Forming the present tense -- 11 Forming the present tense: 'to be' -- 12 Using the present tense -- 13 Forming the imperfect tense -- 14 Using the imperfect tense -- 15 Colloquial continuous tenses -- 16 Forming the present subjunctive tense -- 17 Using the present subjunctive tense -- 18 Imperative -- 19 Auxiliary verbs -- 20 Participles -- 21 Forming the perfect tense -- 22 Using the perfect tense -- 23 Forming the perfect subjunctive tense -- 24 Using the perfect subjunctive tense.

25 Forming the pluperfect tense -- 26 Using the pluperfect tense -- 27 Forming the future tense -- 28 Using the future tense -- 29 Compound verbs -- 30 Passive voice -- 6 Prepositions -- 1 General -- 2 Basic prepositions -- 3 Prepositions with اضافه ezāfe -- 4 Prepositions and conjunctions -- 5 Prepositions governing other expressions -- 6 Omission of به be -- 7 Adverbs -- 1 General -- 2 Forming adverbs -- 3 Comparative and superlative of adverbs -- 4 Interrogative adverbs -- 5 Order of adverbs -- 6 Adverbial participles -- 8 Syntax -- 1 General -- 2 Questions -- 3 Indirect speech -- 4 Clauses - general -- 5 Noun clauses -- 6 Relative clauses -- 7 Clauses of purpose -- 8 Clauses of result -- 9 Clauses of time -- 10 Clauses of reason -- 11 Conditional clauses -- 12 Clauses of concession -- 13 Clauses of manner -- 14 Topic and comment -- 15 Quasi-impersonal structures -- 16 Wishes and exclamations -- 9 Numbers -- 1 Numerals -- 2 Cardinal numbers -- 3 Ordinal numbers -- 4 Other numerical expressions -- 5 Fractions and percentage -- 6 Other adjectival forms, and adverbial forms -- 7 ابجد abjad -- 8 Measurement -- 9 Calculation -- 10 Clock -- 11 Calendar -- 12 Age -- 10 Arabic forms -- 1 General -- 2 Participles -- 3 Verbal nouns -- 4 Word-ending ة... -a/-at -- 5 قابل qābele and غیر qeire -- 6 Definite article -- 11 Wordbuilding -- 1 General -- 2 Derived and compound nouns -- 3 Derived and compound adjectives -- 4 Derived verbs -- 12 Polite forms -- 1 General -- 2 Pronouns -- 3 Plural for singular -- 4 Verbs -- 5 Prepositions -- 6 Requesting and thanking -- Appendix I: Irregular present stems of verbs -- Appendix II: اضافه ezāfe -- 1 General -- 2 Writing and pronunciation -- 3 Use -- Appendix III: Suffix ى... -i -- 1 General -- 2 Group 1 -- 3 Indefinite ى... -i -- 4 Relative ى... -i -- 5 Group 2 -- 6 Noun ى... -i -- 7 Adjective ى... -i.

Appendix IV: Definite direct-object suffix را rā -- 1 General -- 2 Writing and pronunciation -- 3 Use -- Index -- A -- C -- D -- E -- G -- H -- I -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- S -- T -- V -- W -- X.

This is a book for reference and revision, especially for those in the early stages of studying the Persian language. It uses the official reformed spelling, and gives attention to handwriting, educated standard and educated colloquial pronunciation, and the important polite forms. The grammar is explained with copious examples, all shown both in Persian script and in Roman transliteration. The grammatical themes are grouped logically, and there are cross-references, appendices and a subject index to facilitate the search for the right form.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2019. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.